The term "19ος" refers to the 19th century, a period that lasted from the year 1801 to 1900. This century was marked by significant changes in various fields, including politics, industry, and culture. It saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies and societies, particularly in Europe and North America. In addition to industrial advancements, the 19th century was also a time of social change. Movements for women's rights, abolition of slavery, and labor rights gained momentum. Notable figures such as Charles Dickens and Mark Twain emerged in literature, while scientific discoveries by individuals like Charles Darwin reshaped understanding of biology and evolution.