The year 1790 was significant in the early history of the United States. It marked the first census, which was conducted to count the population and determine representation in Congress. The results showed a population of about 3.9 million people, primarily concentrated along the eastern seaboard. In addition to the census, 1790 saw the passage of the Judiciary Act, which established the federal court system. This act created the structure for the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, laying the foundation for the American legal system that continues to function today.