성리학, or Neo-Confucianism, is a philosophical and ethical system that emerged in China during the Song Dynasty and later influenced Korea and Japan. It emphasizes the importance of moral integrity, social harmony, and the cultivation of one's character through education and self-reflection. In Korea, 성리학 became the dominant ideology during the Joseon Dynasty, shaping government policies and societal values. It promoted the idea of a well-ordered society based on hierarchical relationships, where individuals fulfill their roles and responsibilities to maintain harmony and stability.