武则天
武则天 (Wǔ Zétiān) was the only female emperor in Chinese history, ruling during the Tang Dynasty. She was born in 624 AD and initially served as a concubine for Emperor Taizong. After his death, she became the consort of his son, Emperor Gaozong, and eventually took power for herself.
In 690 AD, 武则天 declared herself emperor, establishing the Zhou Dynasty and ruling until 705 AD. Her reign is noted for significant political and social reforms, including the promotion of meritocracy and the expansion of the civil service examination system. She remains a controversial figure, admired for her intelligence and criticized for her ruthless methods.