Empresses are female rulers who hold the highest authority in an empire, often governing over vast territories and diverse populations. They may inherit their position through royal lineage or gain power through marriage to an emperor. Empresses have played significant roles in shaping history, culture, and politics, influencing the lives of their subjects. Throughout history, notable empresses include Catherine the Great of Russia and Empress Dowager Cixi of China. These women often wielded considerable power, sometimes acting as regents or co-rulers. Their reigns can be marked by reforms, military campaigns, and cultural patronage, leaving lasting legacies in their respective nations.