İran, officially known as the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country located in the Middle East. It is bordered by Iraq to the west, Turkey to the northwest, Armenia and Azerbaijan to the north, and Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east. The capital city is Tehran, which is also the largest city in the country. Iran has a rich history, being home to one of the world's oldest civilizations. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, which include mountains, deserts, and forests. Iran's economy is largely based on oil and gas production, making it one of the top producers in the world. The official language is Persian, and the majority of the population practices Islam, specifically the Shia branch.