The Scottish Civil War refers to a series of conflicts in Scotland during the mid-17th century, primarily between the supporters of the Covenanters and the royalists loyal to King Charles I. The war was part of the larger context of the English Civil War and was fueled by religious and political tensions, particularly over the authority of the monarchy and the governance of the Church of Scotland. The conflict saw significant battles, including the Battle of Marston Moor in 1644, where the Covenanters faced defeat. Ultimately, the war contributed to the shifting power dynamics in Scotland, leading to the eventual establishment of the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell.