The Safavid dynasty was a significant ruling dynasty in Persia, now modern-day Iran, that lasted from 1501 to 1736. Founded by Shah Ismail I, it established Shia Islam as the state religion, which played a crucial role in shaping Iranian identity and culture. The dynasty is known for its contributions to art, architecture, and the development of Persian literature. Under the Safavid rule, Persia experienced a period of economic growth and cultural flourishing. The dynasty is famous for its stunning architectural achievements, including the Shah Mosque in Isfahan. The Safavid dynasty also engaged in various conflicts with neighboring empires, such as the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire.