The Afsharid Dynasty was a short-lived Persian dynasty that ruled Iran from 1736 to 1747. Founded by Nader Shah, a military leader, the dynasty emerged after the decline of the Safavid Empire. Nader Shah is known for his military conquests, including the invasion of India, where he captured the famous Koh-i-Noor diamond. The Afsharid period was marked by significant political and social changes, but it faced challenges such as internal strife and external threats. After Nader Shah's assassination in 1747, the dynasty quickly fell apart, leading to the rise of the Zand Dynasty and further fragmentation of Iran.