The Safavid dynasty was a significant ruling dynasty in Persia, now modern-day Iran, that lasted from 1501 to 1736. Founded by Shah Ismail I, it established Shia Islam as the state religion, which played a crucial role in shaping Iranian identity and culture. The dynasty is known for its contributions to art, architecture, and the development of Persian culture. Under the Safavids, Persia experienced a period of economic growth and political stability. The dynasty is famous for its stunning architectural achievements, including the Shah Mosque in Isfahan. The Safavid era also saw the flourishing of Persian literature and the establishment of trade routes that connected Persia to Europe and Asia.