پاکستان is a country located in South Asia, bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan and Iran to the west, and the Arabian Sea to the south. It was established in 1947 as a result of the partition of British India, creating a separate nation for Muslims. The capital city is Islamabad, while Karachi is its largest city and economic hub. The country has a diverse landscape that includes mountains, deserts, and rivers. The Indus River is one of the longest rivers in the world and plays a crucial role in the agriculture of the region. پاکستان is known for its rich cultural heritage, with influences from various civilizations, including Mughal and Persian cultures.