Wheat stem rust is a fungal disease caused by the pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. It primarily affects wheat plants, leading to significant yield losses. The disease is characterized by reddish-brown pustules on the stems and leaves, which can weaken the plant and reduce grain production. The spread of wheat stem rust is facilitated by wind and rain, allowing spores to travel long distances. Effective management strategies include planting resistant wheat varieties and using fungicides. Monitoring and early detection are crucial to prevent outbreaks and protect wheat crops from this destructive disease.