Uveal melanoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the uvea, which is the middle layer of the eye. This layer includes the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Uveal melanoma is the most common primary eye cancer in adults and can lead to vision loss if not treated promptly. The exact cause of uveal melanoma is not fully understood, but certain risk factors, such as light eye color and fair skin, may increase susceptibility. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and laser therapy, depending on the size and location of the tumor. Early detection is crucial for better outcomes.