Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the heme biosynthesis pathway. It catalyzes the conversion of uroporphyrinogen to coproporphyrinogen, removing carboxyl groups in the process. This reaction is essential for the production of heme, a vital component of hemoglobin and other heme-containing proteins. Deficiency in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase can lead to a condition known as porphyria cutanea tarda, which is characterized by skin sensitivity to sunlight and other symptoms. Understanding this enzyme's function helps in diagnosing and managing related disorders, highlighting its importance in human health.