Undescended testicles, also known as cryptorchidism, is a condition where one or both testicles fail to move down into the scrotum before birth. Normally, testicles descend during the last few months of pregnancy, but in some cases, they may remain in the abdomen or groin area. This condition is more common in premature infants and can affect male infants of any age. If left untreated, undescended testicles can lead to complications such as infertility, testicular cancer, and hernias. Treatment often involves a surgical procedure called orchidopexy, which repositions the testicle into the scrotum. Early diagnosis and intervention are important for optimal outcomes.