Tumor-specific antigens are unique proteins or molecules found on the surface of cancer cells but not on normal cells. These antigens arise from mutations in the DNA of tumor cells, leading to the production of abnormal proteins. Because they are specific to tumors, they can serve as targets for cancer immunotherapy, helping the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells. The identification of tumor-specific antigens is crucial for developing personalized cancer treatments, such as CAR T-cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies. By focusing on these unique markers, researchers aim to enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapies while minimizing damage to healthy tissues.