A transect is a method used in ecological studies to sample and analyze the distribution of organisms or environmental features across a specific area. Researchers lay out a straight line, often marked with tape or rope, and then collect data at regular intervals along this line. This helps in understanding how different species or habitats are distributed in relation to environmental gradients. Transects can be used in various ecosystems, such as forests, grasslands, or marine environments. They are essential for studies in biodiversity, habitat assessment, and conservation planning, providing valuable information about the health and composition of ecosystems.