Thermae were large public bathing complexes in ancient Rome, designed for relaxation and socializing. They featured various heated rooms, including the caldarium (hot bath), tepidarium (warm bath), and frigidarium (cold bath). These facilities were not only places for bathing but also served as centers for exercise, reading, and social interaction. The construction of thermae reflected the advanced engineering skills of the Romans, utilizing systems like hypocausts to heat the floors and walls. They were often adorned with beautiful mosaics and sculptures, showcasing the importance of hygiene and leisure in Roman culture.