The Elephant Man refers to Joseph Merrick, a 19th-century man from England who suffered from severe physical deformities. His condition, believed to be a combination of neurofibromatosis and proteus syndrome, caused his body to develop in unusual ways, leading to a disfigured appearance that made him a subject of public curiosity. Merrick was exhibited in freak shows before being taken in by Dr. Frederick Treves, a surgeon who recognized his intelligence and humanity. He later lived in a hospital, where he gained some comfort and respect, ultimately becoming a symbol of compassion and the struggle against societal prejudice.