Systemic racism refers to the policies and practices entrenched in established institutions that result in the unequal treatment of individuals based on their race. This form of racism is not just about individual actions or beliefs; it is embedded in the laws, regulations, and social norms that govern society, affecting areas such as education, employment, and criminal justice. For example, in the United States, systemic racism can be seen in the disparities in school funding and housing opportunities for different racial groups. These inequalities often lead to a cycle of disadvantage, where marginalized communities face barriers that hinder their access to resources and opportunities, perpetuating the cycle of inequality.