Institutional discrimination refers to the unfair treatment of individuals based on their membership in a particular group, often embedded within the policies and practices of organizations or institutions. This type of discrimination can occur in various settings, including education, employment, and the legal system, where systemic biases disadvantage certain groups, such as racial minorities or women. Such discrimination is often unintentional and can be perpetuated by longstanding traditions or norms within an institution. For example, employment practices that favor certain demographics over others can lead to unequal opportunities, while educational policies may inadvertently disadvantage students from marginalized backgrounds.