Surveying instruments are tools used to measure distances, angles, and elevations in land surveying. Common types include the theodolite, which measures angles, and the total station, which combines the functions of a theodolite and an electronic distance measuring device. These instruments help surveyors create accurate maps and determine property boundaries. Other important surveying instruments include the level, used to establish a horizontal plane, and the GPS receiver, which provides precise location data. Each instrument plays a crucial role in various applications, such as construction, land development, and environmental studies, ensuring accurate measurements for planning and design.