A theodolite is a precision instrument used for measuring angles in horizontal and vertical planes. It consists of a telescope mounted on a rotating base, allowing surveyors to accurately determine the position of points on the Earth's surface. Theodolites are essential tools in fields like construction, engineering, and land surveying. Modern theodolites often include electronic components, enhancing their accuracy and ease of use. They can be used in conjunction with other instruments, such as GPS devices, to provide comprehensive data for mapping and construction projects. Theodolites have evolved from simple optical devices to advanced digital tools, improving efficiency in surveying tasks.