A theodolite is a precision instrument used for measuring angles in horizontal and vertical planes. It consists of a rotating telescope mounted on a base, allowing surveyors and engineers to determine the location and elevation of points on the ground. Theodolites are essential tools in fields like civil engineering, construction, and land surveying. Modern theodolites often include electronic components, making it easier to record measurements and perform calculations. They can be used for various applications, such as mapping, building layout, and monitoring land movement. The accuracy of a theodolite is crucial for ensuring precise measurements in any project.