The surrealist movement emerged in the early 20th century as a cultural and artistic response to the chaos of World War I. It aimed to unlock the unconscious mind and explore dreams, blending reality with fantasy. Artists like Salvador Dalí and René Magritte created bizarre and thought-provoking works that challenged traditional perceptions of reality. Surrealism sought to break free from rational thought, using techniques like automatic writing and dream imagery. This movement influenced not only visual arts but also literature and film, inspiring creators to delve into the strange and irrational aspects of human experience, ultimately reshaping modern art.