Surface water models are tools used to simulate and predict the behavior of water in rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water. These models help scientists and engineers understand how water flows, how it interacts with the environment, and how it can be affected by factors like rainfall, land use, and climate change. By using mathematical equations and computer software, surface water models can analyze various scenarios, such as flooding or drought conditions. They are essential for managing water resources, designing infrastructure, and protecting ecosystems, making them valuable for urban planners, environmental scientists, and water resource managers.