Hydrological models are mathematical representations used to simulate the movement, distribution, and quality of water within the hydrological cycle. These models help scientists and engineers understand how water flows through different environments, such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater systems. They can predict how changes in land use, climate, or water management practices affect water resources. These models vary in complexity, from simple empirical models to advanced numerical simulations. They are essential tools for managing water resources, predicting floods, and assessing the impacts of environmental changes. By using hydrological models, decision-makers can make informed choices about water conservation and management strategies.