Sulfonation is a chemical process that introduces a sulfonyl group (–SO₃H) into an organic compound. This reaction typically involves aromatic compounds, such as benzene, which react with sulfuric acid or sulfonic acid. The result is the formation of sulfonic acids, which are important in various applications, including detergents and dyes. The sulfonation process is significant in organic chemistry because it alters the properties of the original compound, making it more soluble in water and enhancing its reactivity. This transformation is crucial for creating products used in everyday items, such as cleaning agents and pharmaceuticals.