Sulfation is a chemical process where sulfate groups are added to a molecule. This process is important in various biological systems, as it helps in the metabolism of drugs and hormones. Sulfation can affect the solubility and activity of compounds, making them easier for the body to eliminate. In the context of batteries, particularly lead-acid batteries, sulfation refers to the formation of lead sulfate crystals on the battery plates. This can occur when a battery is left in a discharged state for too long, leading to reduced capacity and efficiency. Regular maintenance can help prevent sulfation and prolong battery life.