Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS) is a chemical reaction where an aromatic compound, like benzene, reacts with an electrophile. In this process, one of the hydrogen atoms on the aromatic ring is replaced by the electrophile, resulting in a new compound. This reaction is essential in organic chemistry for synthesizing various aromatic compounds. The mechanism of EAS typically involves two main steps: the formation of a sigma complex and the restoration of aromaticity. Initially, the aromatic ring donates electrons to the electrophile, forming a temporary, unstable intermediate. Subsequently, a proton is lost, restoring the aromatic system and yielding the substituted product.