Sterilization is a process that eliminates all forms of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms from an object or surface. This is often done using heat, chemicals, or radiation. Common items that require sterilization include surgical instruments, laboratory equipment, and even some household items like baby bottles. The goal is to ensure that these items are safe to use and free from harmful germs. In the medical field, sterilization is crucial for preventing infections during surgeries and other procedures. For example, autoclaves are machines that use steam under pressure to sterilize tools. By ensuring everything is sterile, healthcare providers can protect patients and promote better health outcomes.