Steam sterilization is a method used to eliminate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores, from medical instruments and equipment. This process involves using high-pressure steam at temperatures typically around 121 to 134 degrees Celsius. The steam penetrates the items being sterilized, ensuring that even hard-to-reach areas are disinfected. The effectiveness of steam sterilization relies on both temperature and time. Items are usually exposed to steam for a specific duration, often ranging from 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the load and type of materials. This method is widely used in hospitals and laboratories due to its efficiency and ability to sterilize a variety of materials.