Sonication is a process that uses high-frequency sound waves, typically in the ultrasonic range, to agitate particles in a liquid. This agitation can help to break down materials, disperse particles, or enhance chemical reactions. It is commonly used in laboratories for tasks such as cell lysis, where cells are broken open to release their contents, and in the preparation of emulsions or suspensions. The technique involves placing a probe or transducer in the liquid, which generates sound waves that create microscopic bubbles. When these bubbles collapse, they produce intense localized energy, leading to the desired effects. Sonication is widely used in fields like biotechnology, chemistry, and materials science.