Sodium stibogluconate is a medication primarily used to treat leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites from the genus Leishmania. It works by inhibiting the growth of these parasites, helping to alleviate symptoms and promote healing in affected individuals. This drug is administered through injection and is often used in cases where other treatments are ineffective. Sodium stibogluconate is particularly important in regions where leishmaniasis is endemic, providing a crucial option for managing this infectious disease and improving patient outcomes.