Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by parasites from the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted to humans through the bites of infected sandflies. There are several forms of the disease, including cutaneous leishmaniasis, which affects the skin, and visceral leishmaniasis, which can impact internal organs and is more severe. Symptoms vary depending on the type of leishmaniasis. Cutaneous leishmaniasis typically causes skin sores, while visceral leishmaniasis may lead to fever, weight loss, and anemia. Treatment options exist, but prevention focuses on avoiding sandfly bites, especially in endemic regions.