Single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, are variations in a single nucleotide—the basic building block of DNA—within a genome. These small changes can occur in coding regions, which affect protein production, or in non-coding regions, which may influence gene regulation. SNPs are common in the human population and can be used to identify genetic differences among individuals. SNPs play a significant role in genetic research and personalized medicine. They can help scientists understand the genetic basis of diseases and how individuals respond to certain medications. By studying SNPs, researchers can identify potential risk factors for various health conditions and develop targeted treatments.