Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) are research methods used to identify genetic variations linked to specific traits or diseases. By analyzing the entire genome of many individuals, researchers can find common genetic markers that may contribute to conditions like diabetes or heart disease. In a typical GWAS, scientists compare the DNA of people with a particular trait to those without it. This helps pinpoint specific regions of the genome that are associated with the trait, providing insights into the genetic basis of diseases and potential targets for medical research and treatment.