Silicon wafers are thin, flat discs made from pure silicon, a chemical element widely used in electronics. These wafers serve as the foundational material for manufacturing semiconductors, which are essential components in various electronic devices, including computers and smartphones. The wafers are produced through a process called crystal growth, where silicon is melted and then cooled to form a solid crystal. Once created, silicon wafers are sliced into thin sheets and polished to create a smooth surface. They are then used to fabricate integrated circuits and other electronic components by layering different materials and etching patterns onto their surface. This process is crucial for the development of modern technology.