Sialolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the formation of stones, or calculi, in the salivary glands. These stones can block the flow of saliva, leading to swelling, pain, and infection in the affected gland. The most commonly affected glands are the submandibular glands, which are located beneath the jaw. The exact cause of sialolithiasis is often related to factors such as dehydration, reduced saliva production, or changes in the composition of saliva. Treatment options may include hydration, massage of the gland, or in some cases, surgical removal of the stone to restore normal saliva flow.