Shallow foundations are a type of building foundation that is placed close to the ground surface. They are typically used for structures that do not require deep support, such as residential homes and small buildings. These foundations distribute the weight of the structure over a larger area, helping to prevent settling or shifting. Common types of shallow foundations include spread footings, strip foundations, and mat foundations. The choice of foundation depends on factors like soil type, load requirements, and local building codes. Proper design and construction are essential to ensure stability and longevity of the structure.