Mat foundations, also known as raft foundations, are large concrete slabs that support a building's weight. They distribute the load evenly across a wide area, making them ideal for structures built on weak or unstable soil. This type of foundation helps prevent differential settlement, which can lead to structural issues over time. Mat foundations are often used for high-rise buildings and heavy structures, such as bridges and industrial facilities. They can be designed to accommodate various loads and are typically reinforced with steel to enhance strength. Proper design and construction are crucial to ensure their effectiveness and longevity.