Footings are the structural elements that support a building's foundation. They are typically made of concrete and are placed below ground level to distribute the weight of the structure evenly. This helps prevent settling or shifting, which can lead to structural damage over time. Properly designed footings are crucial for maintaining the stability of a building, especially in areas with varying soil conditions. They come in different types, such as spread footings and strip footings, depending on the design and load requirements of the structure.