Separation techniques are methods used to divide a mixture into its individual components. These techniques are essential in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Common methods include filtration, distillation, and chromatography, each suited for specific types of mixtures and desired outcomes. These techniques rely on differences in physical or chemical properties, such as size, boiling point, or solubility. For example, filtration separates solids from liquids, while distillation separates liquids based on boiling points. Understanding these methods allows scientists and engineers to purify substances and analyze complex mixtures effectively.