Physical separation techniques are methods used to separate mixtures based on their physical properties without changing their chemical composition. Common techniques include filtration, where solids are separated from liquids, and distillation, which separates liquids based on different boiling points. Other methods include centrifugation, which uses centrifugal force to separate components of different densities, and chromatography, which separates substances based on their movement through a medium. These techniques are widely used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and environmental science. They are essential for purifying substances, analyzing mixtures, and recovering valuable materials from waste. By utilizing these methods, scientists can efficiently isolate and study specific components of a mixture.