Semiconductor fabrication is the process of creating integrated circuits, which are essential components in electronic devices. This process involves multiple steps, including photolithography, etching, and doping, to build up layers of materials on a silicon wafer. Each layer serves a specific function, allowing the final product to perform complex tasks. The fabrication process requires a cleanroom environment to prevent contamination, as even tiny particles can affect the performance of the circuits. Advanced machinery and precise techniques are used to ensure that the circuits are manufactured to exact specifications, enabling the production of reliable and efficient electronic components.