Scientific socialism is a theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that seeks to understand and address the social and economic inequalities created by capitalism. It emphasizes the importance of class struggle and historical materialism, arguing that societal change occurs through the conflict between different social classes, particularly the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Unlike utopian socialism, which relies on idealistic visions of society, scientific socialism uses a systematic approach to analyze the conditions of the working class and the dynamics of capitalism. It advocates for the establishment of a classless society through the collective ownership of the means of production, ultimately leading to a more equitable distribution of resources.