The term "proletariat" refers to the working class in a society, particularly those who do not own the means of production, such as factories or land. Instead, they sell their labor to earn a living. This group plays a crucial role in the economy, as their work supports various industries and services. Historically, the concept of the proletariat has been central to the ideas of Karl Marx, who believed that the struggles between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie (the owning class) would lead to significant social change. Marx envisioned a future where the proletariat would rise up to create a more equitable society.