Sand proppants are small particles, typically made from silica sand, used in the oil and gas industry during a process called hydraulic fracturing, or fracking. They help keep fractures in underground rock formations open, allowing oil and gas to flow more freely to the surface. These proppants are essential for enhancing the productivity of wells, as they create pathways for hydrocarbons to escape. Different types of proppants, including resin-coated and ceramic options, can be used depending on the specific needs of the well and the geological conditions present.