Renal agenesis is a medical condition where one or both kidneys fail to develop during fetal growth. This can occur as a result of genetic factors or environmental influences. When only one kidney is absent, it is called unilateral renal agenesis, while the absence of both kidneys is known as bilateral renal agenesis. Individuals with unilateral renal agenesis often lead normal lives, as the remaining kidney typically compensates for the missing one. However, bilateral renal agenesis is a more serious condition, often resulting in severe complications and requiring medical intervention, such as dialysis or kidney transplantation, shortly after birth.