Refinement, or purification, is the process of removing impurities or unwanted elements from a substance. This can apply to various materials, such as metals, water, or even food products. The goal is to enhance the quality and safety of the final product, making it more suitable for use or consumption. In industrial settings, refinement often involves techniques like distillation, filtration, or chemical treatments. For example, the refinement of crude oil results in petroleum products like gasoline and diesel. Similarly, water purification processes ensure that drinking water is free from contaminants, promoting public health and safety.